Financial Planning Report to Mark and Susan Saunders

Question: Discuss about the Financial Planning Report to Mark and Susan Saunders. Answer: Introduction Mark and Susan are 45 years of age with 3 teenaged children. Currently, Mark is a business man and Susan is a salaried employee ( teacher in a secondary school ). They have parked their surplus cash in assets worth $ 1.72 mn like their family home, car, Australian shares and risk free investments like term deposit and savings. This also includes the business assets of Mark i.e. van, office, plant and machinery of $ 410 k. They also individually have a super annuation corpus where in the case of Susan the employer contributes 9.5 % of salary. The super annuation corpus combined is $ 170k which includes $ 60 k of Mark in two funds namely S M SMSF and AMP Super Fund which invested across shares, cash and is invested in cash, property, fixed managed fund and shares. Susan super fund across the S M SMSF and Australian Catholic Super fund of $ 110, 000 is invested across Australian shares, inter shares, property, fixed interest and cash. The liabilities of the couple aggregate $ 400 k an d include loans on mortgage and car. Mark and Susan will retire in the next 15 years and they are seeking our advice to analyse their current and future financial situation based on the information we have gathered and provide some suggestions for improving their long term wealth. We have been appraised that both Susan and Mark will continue their current engagement of teaching and business respectively until they retire at the age of 60 i.e. after 15 years. There is an assumption that the couple would like to retire their liabilities as soon as possible and just keep a cash balance of $ 10, 000 in their bank account until the loans are prepaid. Hence the analyses is done on the basis of Assuming loans are prepaid out of surplus cash generation subject to a minimum of $ 10, 000 every year AND Assuming the loans are paid out in the normal course of 15 years. ( the backup that the loan is for 15 years is given below during the analyses ) Analyses Assuming no Prepayment of Loan Initially, let us understand the liabilities and the annual payout commitments of Susan and Mark. The couple has a mortgage loan of $ 390 k and a car loan of $ 10 k aggregating $ 400 k. The rate of interest is 5.5 % flexi and the tenure is 15 years. Hence the annual equivalent installment of $ 39, 500 to 39, 850. The payment schedule of the loan is attached below. Home Loan Car Loan 15 years Year EAI Principal Interest Principal paid 2, 015 39, 500 400, 000 2, 016 382, 150 22, 000 17, 850 2, 017 363, 318 21, 018 18, 832 2, 018 343, 450 19, 982 19, 868 2, 019 322, 490 18, 890 20, 960 2, 020 300, 376 17, 737 22, 113 2, 021 278, 263 16, 521 22, 113 2, 022 256, 150 15, 304 22, 113 2, 023 230, 388 14, 088 25, 762 2, 024 203, 209 12, 671 27, 179 2, 025 174, 535 11, 176 28, 674 2, 026 144, 284 9, 599 30, 251 2, 027 112, 369 7, 936 31, 915 2, 028 78, 699 6, 180 33, 670 2, 029 43, 178 4, 328 35, 522 2, 030 5, 702 2, 375 37, 475 As it can be seen from the table, the loan will be paid over 15 years at current EAI of $ 39, 500 The cash flow statement in that case assumes an accumulation of surplus money in the bank account in savings account which does not pay any interest. This will be a foolish strategy since there is a negative arbitrage of 5.5 %. The cash flow for the next 5 years ended June 2015, June 2016, June 2017, June 2018 and June 2019 are appended below ( works, H. ( 2016 ) ). ( Wikipedia. ( 2016 ) ) Cash Flow Statement Year ended June 30 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Cash Inflow Interest on savings account $ - - - - - Interest on Term deposit $ 1, 000 1, 250 1, 500 1, 750 2, 000 Dividend from Bank shares $ 4, 000 6, 000 6, 360 6, 742 7, 146 Salary and Business Income $ 157, 000 161, 710 166, 561 171, 558 176, 705 Mark $ 125, 000 128, 750 132, 613 136, 591 140, 689 Susan $ 32, 000 32, 960 33, 949 34, 967 36, 016 Total Cash Inflow $ 162, 000 168, 960 174, 421 180, 050 185, 851 Cash Outflow Mortgage and car loan $ 39, 500 39, 500 39, 500 39, 500 39, 500 Work expenses $ 700 721 743 765 788 Mark $ - - - - - Susan $ 700 721 743 765 788 Investment in Term deposit $ 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 Pre Payment of Loan $ Living expenses $ 60, 000 61, 800 63, 654 65, 564 67, 531 Tax $ 41, 790 44, 477 46, 437 48, 464 50, 563 Total Cash Outflow $ 141, 990 146, 498 150, 333 154, 293 158, 381 Cash accrual $ 20, 010 22, 462 24, 088 25, 757 27, 470 Opening savings Bank $ 35, 000 55, 010 77, 472 101, 560 127, 317 Closing Savings Bank $ 55, 010 77, 472 101, 560 127, 317 154, 787 The closing savings bank balance will be $ 155 k. Assuming Prepayment of Loan Assuming that all surplus cash greater than $ 10, 000 will be used to prepay the loan, the loan schedule looks like this Home Loan Car Loan 15 years Year EAI Principal Interest Principal paid 2, 015 39, 500 400, 000 2, 016 337, 140 22, 000 62, 860 2, 017 294, 505 18, 543 42, 635 2, 018 248, 334 16, 198 46, 171 2, 019 198, 524 13, 658 49, 810 2, 020 144, 788 10, 919 53, 735 2, 021 91, 053 7, 963 53, 735 2, 022 37, 318 5, 008 53, 735 2, 023 ( 480 ) 2, 052 37, 798 The loan is completely repaid in the next 7 years i.e. by 2023. This strategy is prudent since the payout of the money is not towards interest for 15 years. Interest is saved since the principal payment is accelerated in 7 years instead of paying the loan over 15 years. The minimum savings balance of $ 10, 000 is also maintained. In future, this strategy and the calculations based on this will be used to arrive at the retirement corpus The cash flow statement for the 5 years ended June 2015, June 2016, June 2017, June 2018 and June 2019 are appended below Cash Flow Statement Year ended June 30 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Cash Inflow Interest on savings account $ - - - - - Interest on Term deposit $ 1, 000 1, 250 1, 500 1, 750 2, 000 Dividend from Bank shares $ 4, 000 6, 000 6, 360 6, 742 7, 146 Salary and Business Income $ 157, 000 161, 710 166, 561 171, 558 176, 705 Mark $ 125, 000 128, 750 132, 613 136, 591 140, 689 Susan $ 32, 000 32, 960 33, 949 34, 967 36, 016 Total Cash Inflow $ 162, 000 168, 960 174, 421 180, 050 185, 851 Cash Outflow Mortgage and car loan $ 39, 500 39, 500 39, 500 39, 500 39, 500 Work expenses $ 700 721 743 765 788 Mark $ - - - - - Susan $ 700 721 743 765 788 Investment in Term deposit $ 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 Pre Payment of Loan $ 45, 010 21, 327 22, 519 23, 618 24, 804 Living expenses $ 60, 000 61, 800 63, 654 65, 564 67, 531 Tax $ 41, 790 45, 612 48, 006 50, 510 53, 130 Total Cash Outflow $ 187, 000 168, 960 174, 421 179, 956 185, 752 Cash accrual $ ( 25, 000 ) - - 94 99 Opening savings Bank $ 35, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 094 Closing Savings Bank $ 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 094 10, 193 As can be seen in the table, the bank balance is kept at the minimum of $ 10, 000 and the remaining amount is used to prepay the loan obligations. The balance sheet of the couple for the 3 years ended below Balance Sheet Year ended June 30 2015 2016 2017 Assets Family Home $ 850, 000 850, 000 850, 000 Plant in Business $ 80, 000 82, 400 84, 872 Car $ 25, 000 25, 000 25, 000 Office in Business $ 320, 000 320, 000 320, 000 House Contents $ 100, 000 103, 000 106, 090 Australian shares $ 100, 000 106, 000 112, 360 Van in Business $ 10, 000 10, 000 9, 999 Term deposit $ 40, 000 50, 000 60, 000 Combined Super Fund $ 194, 555 207, 965 222, 188 Total Assets $ 1, 719, 555 1, 754, 364 1, 790, 509 Liabilities Loans $ 400, 000 337, 140 294, 505 Capital $ 1, 319, 555 1, 417, 224 1, 496, 004 Total Liabilities 1, 719, 555 1, 754, 364 1, 790, 509 The term deposit is increasing by $ 10 k per annum. The loan reflects the amount outstanding at the end of every year. The tax calculation matrix for computing the tax for the next 5 years is as under Income and Expenses 2015 2016 2017 2, 018 2, 019 Interest on savings account $ - - - - - Interest on Term deposit $ 1, 000 1, 250 1, 500 1, 750 2, 000 Interest on Mortgage $ ( 22, 000 ) ( 16, 198 ) ( 13, 658 ) ( 10, 919 ) ( 7, 963 ) Dividend from Bank shares $ 4, 000 6, 000 6, 360 6, 742 7, 146 Salary and Business Income $ 157, 000 161, 710 166, 561 171, 558 176, 705 - $ - - - Work expenses $ ( 700 ) ( 721 ) ( 743 ) ( 765 ) ( 788 ) Taxable Income - 139, 300 152, 041 160, 020 168, 366 177, 100 Tax $ 41, 790 45, 612 48, 006 50, 510 53, 130 Ato.gov.au. ( 2016 ). This is taken into the cash flow workings presented earlier. All expenses are increasing by CPI and income is increasing as per the rates mentioned in the question set The cash outflow mix indicates that 36 - 40 %of their spend is on fulfilling loan obligation while 32 - 37 % is on living expenses. Tax accounts for the rest. ( Taxpayer.com.au. ( 2016 ) ). Analysis of Cash outflows 2, 015 2, 016 2, 017 Mortgage and car loan 21 % 23 % 23 % Living expenses 32 % 37 % 36 % Prepayment of Loan 24 % 13 % 13 % Tax 22 % 27 % 28 % Total 100 % 100 % 100 % The super annuation analysis is tabulated below Super Fund of Mark Mark has invested money In S M SMSH and AMP Super Fund. Based on the return %, his weighted average return in super fund is 6.53 %. The closing balance also includes the proceeds from sale of his business assets. The table below gives the running balance of his super till retirement in the next 15 years Super Fund - Mark 6.53 % Year ( June 30 ) Age Income Opening Super Bal Emp cont 15 % Cont Tax Net earnings Closing Super Bal 2, 015 45 125, 000 60, 000 - - 3, 920 63, 920 2, 016 46 128, 750 63, 920 - - 4, 176 68, 096 2, 017 47 132, 613 68, 096 - - 4, 449 72, 545 2, 018 48 136, 591 72, 545 - - 4, 740 77, 285 2, 019 49 140, 689 77, 285 - - 5, 049 82, 334 2, 020 50 144, 909 82, 334 - - 5, 379 87, 713 2, 021 51 149, 257 87, 713 - - 5, 731 93, 444 2, 022 52 153, 734 93, 444 - - 6, 105 99, 549 2, 023 53 158, 346 99, 549 - - 6, 504 106, 052 2, 024 54 163, 097 106, 052 - - 6, 929 112, 981 2, 025 55 167, 990 112, 981 - - 7, 381 120, 363 2, 026 56 173, 029 120, 363 - - 7, 864 128, 226 2, 027 57 178, 220 128, 226 - - 8, 377 136, 604 2, 028 58 183, 567 136, 604 - - 8, 925 145, 529 2, 029 59 189, 074 145, 529 - - 9, 508 155, 037 2, 030 60 194, 746 155, 037 - - 10, 129 825, 166 The balance at 2030 is $ 825 k. Super Fund of Susan Super Fund - Susan 4.92 % Year ( June 30 ) Age Salary Opening Super Bal Emp cont 15 % Cont Tax Net earnings Closing Super Bal 2, 015 45 32, 000 110, 000 3, 040 456 5, 410 117, 994 2, 016 46 32, 960 117, 994 3, 131 470 5, 803 126, 459 2, 017 47 33, 949 126, 459 3, 225 484 6, 219 135, 420 2, 018 48 34, 967 135, 420 3, 322 498 6, 660 144, 903 2, 019 49 36, 016 144, 903 3, 422 513 7, 127 154, 938 2, 020 50 37, 097 154, 938 3, 524 529 7, 620 165, 554 2, 021 51 38, 210 165, 554 3, 630 544 8, 142 176, 782 2, 022 52 39, 356 176, 782 3, 739 561 8, 694 188, 654 2, 023 53 40, 537 188, 654 3, 851 578 9, 278 201, 206 2, 024 54 41, 753 201, 206 3, 967 595 9, 896 214, 473 2, 025 55 43, 005 214, 473 4, 086 613 10, 548 228, 494 2, 026 56 44, 295 228, 494 4, 208 631 11, 238 243, 308 2, 027 57 45, 624 243, 308 4, 334 650 11, 966 258, 959 2, 028 58 46, 993 258, 959 4, 464 670 12, 736 275, 490 2, 029 59 48, 403 275, 490 4, 598 690 13, 549 292, 947 2, 030 60 49, 855 292, 947 4, 736 710 14, 408 311, 381 The balance at 2030 is $ 311 k. This includes contribution from employer as well and a weighted average return of 4.92 % based on the amount invested in Australian Catholic and S M SMSH fund Combined Super Fund The combined superannuation balance and real income calculations are tabulated below. Real income is calculated based on purchasing power of a $ using the CPI of 3 % growth yoy. Year Combined Super Bal Purchasing Power % Real Income 2, 016 194, 555 97.1 188, 888 2, 017 207, 965 94.3 196, 027 2, 018 222, 188 91.5 203, 333 2, 019 237, 272 88.8 210, 813 2, 020 253, 267 86.3 218, 470 2, 021 270, 225 83.7 226, 309 2, 022 288, 203 81.3 234, 335 2, 023 307, 258 78.9 242, 552 2, 024 327, 454 76.6 250, 966 2, 025 348, 856 74.4 259, 582 2, 026 371, 535 72.2 268, 405 2, 027 395, 563 70.1 277, 440 2, 028 421, 018 68.1 286, 693 2, 029 447, 984 66.1 296, 170 2, 030 1, 136, 546 64.2 729, 506 Based on the real income requirement of $ 60, 000 pa for the couple at the time of retirement and after, the retirement fund will last for 20 years as tabulated below Year ( June 30 ) Age Opening Super Bal Pension withdrawal Pension withdrawal ( real basis ) Net earnings Closing Super Balance 2, 031 61 729, 506 60, 000 60, 000 40, 123 709, 629 2, 032 62 709, 629 60, 000 60, 000 39, 030 688, 658 2, 033 63 688, 658 60, 000 60, 000 37, 876 666, 534 2, 034 64 666, 534 60, 000 60, 000 36, 659 643, 194 2, 035 65 643, 194 60, 000 60, 000 35, 376 618, 569 2, 036 66 618, 569 60, 000 60, 000 34, 021 592, 591 2, 037 67 592, 591 60, 000 60, 000 32, 592 565, 183 2, 038 68 565, 183 60, 000 60, 000 31, 085 536, 268 2, 039 69 536, 268 60, 000 60, 000 29, 495 505, 763 2, 040 70 505, 763 60, 000 60, 000 27, 817 473, 580 2, 041 71 473, 580 60, 000 60, 000 26, 047 439, 627 2, 042 72 439, 627 60, 000 60, 000 24, 179 403, 806 2, 043 73 403, 806 60, 000 60, 000 22, 209 366, 016 2, 044 74 366, 016 60, 000 60, 000 20, 131 326, 147 2, 045 75 326, 147 60, 000 60, 000 17, 938 284, 085 2, 046 76 284, 085 60, 000 60, 000 15, 625 239, 709 2, 047 77 239, 709 60, 000 60, 000 13, 184 192, 893 2, 048 78 192, 893 60, 000 60, 000 10, 609 143, 503 2, 049 79 143, 503 60, 000 60, 000 7, 893 91, 395 2, 050 80 91, 395 60, 000 60, 000 5, 027 36, 422 2, 051 81 36, 422 60, 000 60, 000 2, 003 ( 21, 575 ) In case the real income of $ 60, 000 also undergoes the CPI, the purchasing power drops and hence the number of years when the retirement lasts comes down to 15 years when their age is 75 years as tabulated below Year ( June 30 ) Age Opening Super Bal Pension withdrawal Pension withdrawal ( real basis ) Net earnings Closing Super Balance 2, 031 61 729, 506 61, 800 60, 000 40, 123 707, 829 2, 032 62 707, 829 63, 654 60, 000 38, 931 683, 105 2, 033 63 683, 105 65, 564 60, 000 37, 571 655, 112 2, 034 64 655, 112 67, 531 60, 000 36, 031 623, 613 2, 035 65 623, 613 69, 556 60, 000 34, 299 588, 355 2, 036 66 588, 355 71, 643 60, 000 32, 360 549, 072 2, 037 67 549, 072 73, 792 60, 000 30, 199 505, 478 2, 038 68 505, 478 76, 006 60, 000 27, 801 457, 273 2, 039 69 457, 273 78, 286 60, 000 25, 150 404, 137 2, 040 70 404, 137 80, 635 60, 000 22, 228 345, 729 2, 041 71 345, 729 83, 054 60, 000 19, 015 281, 691 2, 042 72 281, 691 85, 546 60, 000 15, 493 211, 638 2, 043 73 211, 638 88, 112 60, 000 11, 640 135, 166 2, 044 74 135, 166 90, 755 60, 000 7, 434 51, 845 2, 045 75 51, 845 93, 478 60, 000 2, 851 ( 38, 782 ) ( Investopedia. ( 2003 ) ) As the couple indicated, inflation is an important factor which eats into the retirement real pension income. With the corpus of the super fund on real basis, the value of the Australian shares growing @ 6 % annually, the couple can sustain till the age of 101 i.e. for the next 41 years after retirement. Retirement corpus at age 60 Super fund ( Real basis ) 729, 506 Bank Shares 239, 656 Total 969, 162 Real Income required 60, 000 Years to last 41 Age of couple 101 Conclusion Based on the analyses, it is evident that the couple are comfortable in their retirement situation. Two of their three children are also working. Hence the responsibilities of Mark and Susan for providing for them are complete. Moreover, the couple have already purchased residential property at opportune time and are availing the capital gain. The liability on the mortgage will also be paid of in the next 7 years from the cash flow generated by the couple. The couple has prudently invested in medical insurance and hence the cost of hospitalization during aging is also taken care of. With the proceeds from the super fund and the shares, the couple can comfortably live till age 101 References and Bibliography Anon, ( 2016 ). [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/information - and - services/money.../superannuation [Accessed 27 Sep 2016]. Ato.gov.au. ( 2016 ). Individual income tax rates | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/rates/individual - income - tax - rates/ [Accessed 27 Sep 2016]. Investopedia. ( 2003 ). Purchasing Power Definition | Investopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/purchasingpower.asp [Accessed 27 Sep 2016].