Relevance Of Identifying Peoples Needs And Strengths Social Work Essay Essays

Relevance Of Identifying Peoples Needs And Strengths Social Work Essay Essays Relevance Of Identifying Peoples Needs And Strengths Social Work Essay Essay Relevance Of Identifying Peoples Needs And Strengths Social Work Essay Essay Explain the Relevance of placing Peoples demands and strengths, Respecting Diversity and advancing recovery in support of your working pattern. Identifying clients demands and strengths, esteeming diverseness and promoting recovery are portion of my voluntary function, playing an of import portion in the intervention procedure and the service of Addaction. How they are identified, the ground they are used and their function in the client s journey will be incorporated in explanatory statements and brooding transitions utilizing Schons Reflection on Actions ( 1983 as cited in Powell 1989 ) . Identifying a client s demands and strengths is accomplishable through appraisal and working in partnership. Assessment is the chief tool used to place demands and strengths, fiting the type of curative intercession and strength with the demands of the client. Appraisals, though portion of initial showing, are ongoing procedures, demands change and without continual monitoring and reappraisal throughout intervention, support and intercessions can go unengaged to the persons demands. Effective appraisals direct the execution of comprehensive attention and support, bearing relation to the effectivity of intervention and positive results, profiting client s, particularly those with complex demands, . Where appraisal must be done by legion services, partnership across subjects ensures continuity of intervention and support provided. Identifying demands and strengths determines the way of intervention, execution and options available to clients, their suitableness and needed accomplishments inclusive of wrongly focused accomplishments and restrictions. It enables intervention to be client focused and adaptable increasing the prosperity of that procedure. Motivation of current and future actions and purposes can be identified from a client s demands and strengths, authorising the client, giving appropriate support and entree to services. Interventions must be bases on the motives of clients, advancing battle in services at the most appropriate degree to accomplish their ends. The procedure of placing demands and strengths is every bit of import as the execution of the information gained. Inaccurate or omitted information effects subsequent service actions negatively ; this is magnified in intervention results, so competence degrees, engagement and accounts of procedures must be carefully considered and comparative to the client. Using internal frames of mention and sensitiveness are of import, giving penetration into the client state of affairs and demands from a subjective point of view, easing good communicating enables accurate information to be gathered bring forthing effectual service actions. The demands and strengths of a client can impact how attention programs and actions are achieved and the method in which they are delivered. They enable the client to joint their ends ; immediate, short term and long term and set programs into gesture whilst integrating what they need, what they want and what they are good at. It allows prevention/coping methods to be put in topographic point for accomplishments they feel they lack or are unfamiliar with, reappraisal allows feedback of the effectivity of these schemes. Throughout intervention demands and strengths vary, physical and mental demands can impact positive or negative intervention consequences and being cyclic the intervention itself can hold bearing on physical and mental demands of a client. Therefore continual reappraisal both of intervention and demands are of import to keep balance, integrate focal point and guarantee the relevancy of intercessions. Reappraisal of demands and strengths is a valuable tool, enabling clients to supervise their advancement constructively and from both sides of the practitioner/client relationship. This enables accommodations and contemplations on intervention, ends and back up on a regular basis affecting battle and engagement from both sides. In order to accomplish an effectual system that meets the single intervention demands of substance misusers, there needs to be in topographic point a procedure of showing, appraisal, care co-ordination and intervention reappraisal. ( Department of Health, 2002, p8 ) On contemplation, when a client is referred to our service a comprehensive appraisal is done and identifies demands in different ways. Hazard appraisals, attention programs and ends, purposes and nonsubjective exercisings identify demands and strengths and integrate them in intervention intercessions. Clients are encouraged to analyze their demands and reflect on state of affairss on a regular basis, placing missing accomplishments and extra demands utilizing personal ends sheets. This helps measure intervention, enables a better apprehension of purposes and strengths, reassesses demands and strengthens partnerships. Ultimately by understanding the demands and strengths of a client societal inclusion and recovery is promoted. The appraisal and intervention procedure must integrate personal, societal, cultural and religious demands of the client s individuality, the appraisal and the designation of these demands aids in re- affirming forgotten and unacknowledged demands, in their current life style, to the client. Diversity brings profusion of experience, cognition and apprehension of the practician and client, developing and bring forthing common regard and credence. Diverseness enables both growing and development, making flexible positions and consideration of alternate values. Open mindedness, positive respect and non-judgemental patterns heighten the practitioner/client relationship, exciting communicating and penetration, obtaining positive intervention consequences by admiting and esteeming diverseness. Respecting diverseness enables tailored insight into the clients values and rules, intervention respectful of their diversenesss can be incorporated into attention and support, heightening the experience and result. Servicess have an duty to follow with current statute law to advancing diverseness, avoid favoritism and to admit and counterbalance for any troubles or boundaries caused by following a scheme positive to diverseness. All parts of appraisal and attention should embrace the person s demands in relation to diverseness. Issues of cultural diverseness and the development of culturally competent services are indispensable ingredients of effectual intervention systems. ( Department of Health, 2002, p28 ) Social exclusion through bias and favoritism, towards the client, can attest as struggle, verbal confrontation, perceived accusals or incrimination initiated by following patterns disrespectful of diverseness. Social inequalities can be highlighted through diverseness, recognition of difference and the fright of difference can show ambitious and emotional state of affairss. Such state of affairss if respectful of difference can prosecute, confront and offer insight though must let for sensitiveness and active engagement. Respecting diverseness within the work force is particularly relevant for those being treated for substance abuse, due to the scope of services and suppliers, from generic wellness attention, societal attention to condemnable justness. A diverse work force provides a high quality service with specializer accomplishment set and experiences heightening the intervention procedure for clients. ( Department of Health, 2002, P ) Understand and admiting diverseness was portion of my initial voluntary preparation, integrating the diverseness of clients and services. Our service has many different facets to it throughout the condemnable justness system, esteeming the diverseness of environments and clients are indispensable. Diversity preparation helps me acknowledge and understand environments and clients heightening my professional relationships and working patterns, inclusive of the diverseness of the squad that I work with. Within my voluntary arrangement, my two wise mans are from different back evidences, one is ex-police and the other is an ex-substance user. They bring different accomplishments, experiences, point of views and methods to the function but with the same rules and results, this benefits the clients and myself, giving a profusion and diverseness to my arrangement and the clients experience. Recovery is alone to the person, personalised to the client and subjective. To ease recovery it is of import to turn to the values and rules of practicians and clients, enabling apprehension, recognition and supplying a service based on the clients demands. In order for alteration to take topographic point, utilizing The Cycle of Change Model ( 1982 as cited in Davidson, R. 2002 ) , external state of affairss, ends, demands and strengths must be identified, even with the integrating of multiple issues, each must be considered on single virtue. Facilitation of alteration demands to be done by authorization of the client, enabling the apprehension of issues and execution of get bying schemes to be achieved. Recovery is seen to be an result of intervention, though in world it is a sequence of events, inclusive of exposures and dislocations that determine discoveries and accomplishments. Often these reverses are critical chances to turn, learn and alteration, facilitated by the practician, determined by the clients ain picks, actions and ends. Clients are experts in their ain recovery and experiences, engagement must be promoted around this cognition and penetration gained to present trim programmes of attention. To accomplish recovery focussed results, the intervention system needs to go more antiphonal to single demands. ( NTA, 2010, p5 ) Recovery may differ in reading inclusive of decrease, care, stabilization or abstention based ends, each determined by the client and of equality importance. Recovery includes the deduction of wellness instruction, hazard bar and injury decrease methods, drug usage though non desired is possible and recovery though accomplishable may non be lasting. Changeless appraisal, reappraisal and reappraisals are critical during the recovery procedure, turn toing multiple subjects and reexamining intercessions, clip to look into and research is necessary to ease alteration. To facilitated alteration the programme of attention must accommodate and react, advancing and believing in recovery. Hope is critical enabling the client to see that results are accomplishable, hope and belief in the client s possible is critical to alter and the success of implemented attention. There is ever hope of recovery and it is critical to pass on that from the start in all idiosyncrasies. ( Stickley A ; Basset, 2008, p133 ) On contemplation, our intervention programmes have clip restraints and though the foundations of recovery and the rhythm of alteration are implemented full recovery occurs outside our service. Our perceptual experience of recovery within our service is the designation of demands and strengths, the existences of alteration, hope and the belief that a client is get downing on their journey with the tools, ends, the service support required to accomplish their single recovery end. To reason strengths and demands, esteeming diverseness and promoting recovery are all critical parts of the intervention procedure, each facilitating and back uping the recovery procedure. Each is interconnected and interdependent in the execution of attention, intervention and the facilitation of recovery. The successful execution of each of these positively influences the possible intervention results for the client. Strengths and needs require ongoing appraisals and include esteeming diverseness within purposes and intercessions, which is portion of advancing alone recovery, enabling and authorising clients to accomplish their coveted ends. 1584

Scientific Support for Coaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scientific Support for Coaches - Essay Example This is a simple indication of the research done to understand the coaching behavior practically undertaken within this schooling institution (Carling, Reilly, & Williams, 2009, p. 3). Therefore, the following paper will look into the significance, source and impact of a coach’s behavior towards the players, and the scientific approach taken and attained towards solving or improving the issue. The factors considered in the research video clips include the means by which the coach shows the drills, how he or she fines the players, the feelings of the coach, and how leading he or she is within and outside the team. Therefore, it is not that significant what the coach utters for every word. After watching both video clips, the coaching behavior and experience there are overall things not only about the film, but the scientific aspect of the study’s aim. Supporting the coach is a prosperous factor of scientific knowledge obtained on the basis of studies carried out with athletes. Data is accessible to maintain the coach and athlete in every zone of training and advancement as well as nutrition, biomechanics, physiology, mental and medication. There are several methodical techniques to measure and assess the athlete’s behavior. For example, computer-assisted evaluation of VO2 max, lactate amounts, running methodologies are a number of the methods. The art of coaching pulls in the moment the coach has to evaluate the methodical information and convert it into coaching and training schedules to assist the athlete. This evaluation depends entirely on the skills and behavior of the coach. The knowledge of the sport or event ought to be a concern of the player and the coach as well. By comprehending the science behind the coaching skills and experience is the foundation of training. It is also an elegant and exercise schedule that can be advanced and assist a

How the internet or internet technology has helped me during the Essay

How the internet or internet technology has helped me during the course of my studies - Essay Example Before, we are not at all aware of what is happening in another country unless it is reported in television. And the news will only be reported if the reporters were there while the incident is happening, like during war. We will only know of news through the newspaper. And only a few of them make the newspaper. But now even if we don’t see it in the newspaper, just Google today’s news for the tiniest city of China or Zimbabwe, and we’ll see it! We also have a larger access to learning and knowledge. Google has actually revolutionized the whole Internet browsing experience. We can just type in certain keywords, and voila! we have the information we need. All we have to do is to discriminate the information, which are reliable and those which are made up. The Internet has been my best friend during college. It gave me the opportunity to get a better understanding of my classes. I don’t just look up information in the Internet, I take it a step further. I enroll in online classes to get ahead of my class. With this, I don’t only get additional information but I can also see different perspectives regarding a certain topic. This allows me to have a better understanding of the lesson or the issue at hand. It is not only gives me a headstart it also pushes me to become better as it allows me to get the picture of different views of people about the lesson. Also, as I’ve said the Internet allows you to find different kinds of resources that will aid you in research studies. I can get the information I need in less than second. How convenient is that! It cuts my time compared to manually checking the pages of a book where I can find the information I need. I believe that the Internet will go a long way. And it will even become better in future years. Humans love to invent and innovate. We have that creative gift. And we always want to make things easier for us. I believe that even if get out of

Study On Primary And Secondary Storage Computer Science Essay

Study On Primary And Secondary Storage Computer Science Essay Primary storage is also known as Immediate Access Storage and is where data is stored on the main computer memory. An example of primary storage is RAM (Random Access Memory otherwise referred to as RWM (Read Write Memory). RAM is the memory chip stored within the computers motherboard, where data can be read, stored and edited. RAM is extremely fast and is where programs are usually installed, due to its ability to run programs quickly and more efficiently than Secondary storage facilities. Secondary storage is where software and some documents or spreadsheets are stored onto a hard drive or externally onto a device such as a disk, which is easily accessible when required, via any computer or laptop and easily transportable. This is a much slower form of storage but popularly used, as the computers CPU (Central Processing Unit) memory is limited in size and its storage capacity. The information is usually stored on CD ROM; external hard drives; flash memory or USB Pen drives. Secondary storage is permanent and only becomes obsolete in time (when it eventually wears out or is replaced by new and improved technology). Complex functions such as translators for high-level languages and operating systems are placed on ROM memory. (Comp Wisdom, 2006). The ROM memory chip is a viable permanent storage facility for manufacturers, as users are unable to overwrite the information stored on this device. Off-site data storage is non-volatile and is where information is stored at an other location away from the computer, which is accessible from a direct call or via the internet. Off-site data storage is beneficial as a backup if complications arise with the onsite computer system. (No-Moa Publishers, 2000) Table 1-Differences between Primary and Secondary Storage. (Integrated Publishing, 2010) Primary Secondary Volatile Temporary Non-Volatile Permanent Fast memory therefore expensive Slow memory therefore cheaper Smaller storage capacity (L2 Cache = 2MB) Larger storage capacity Closer to CPU or internal so faster Connects to the CPU so slower performance Examples PROM Programmable Read Only Memory, already programmed by the manufacturer, non-editable. Needs a device to burn to disk and if mistake made cannot be corrected. EPROM Electronically Programmable Read Only Memory. Holds data no power supply, electrically reprogrammed up to 100 times. Stores Calibration data in real time clocks. Other types: DRAM,SRAM, MRAM Other types: ROM cane be read but not overwritten Hard drive, CDs, DVDs, Flash Memory, Magnetic tapes, Offline storage, EEPROM. Figure 1 Image of Primary and Secondary Storage. 2. Virtualization (or hypervisor) is similar to simulation where an identical copy of an operating system is made.Virtualization can be formed for various systems such as: Networks; Platforms; Applications; Desktops; servers and storage devices. This means that multiple virtual machines can be run on a single host (via virtualization),containing its own resources; operating systems and hardware, reducing the risk of software applications from causing complications with each other due to incompatibility errors or conflict. This functionality has also been developed for wireless technology including mobile phones. The benefit of mobile phones having this functionality is that the virtualized environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦would be open to developers or open to the user to add and install applications to customize the phone as they wantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ without disrupting the carrier network.(Hazelton, Nov 2008). Figure 2: Virtualization Image Blue Whale Web Inc, 2010 3. The Home Theater receiver, also referred to as an AV receiver or Surround Sound Receiver, is the heart of a home theater system and provides most, if not all, the inputs and outputs that you connect everything, including your television, into. An AV Receiver provides an easy and cost-effective way of centralizing your your home theater system. Part One discusses the audio factors to take into consideration. 4. The cloud in network systems is an abstraction of the real system and itscomplex infrastructure. It hides the actual processes and network connections to the user such as servers, routers hubs, switches, cabling and storage (the points of entry and exits) that enable data processing.(Wiley Publishing Incoporated, 1998)The cloud represents the communications network such as network cables, which connect to various devices in order to communicate over short distances or over a large geographical area, similar to that of a telephone infrastructure. 5a. PDF known as Portable Document Formatis a system by which files can be displayed on various applications which is independent of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦software, hardware and operating systems which they originated from and the computer or printer from which the output originated.(Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006, p. 33). PDF files have a sophisticated imaging model derived from PostScript page description language (Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006)which has been redefined to incorporate binary format.PDF files contain universally accepted format of arrays; syntaxes; graphics; imagery and text containing specified instructions objects that allows outputto be consistent across un-similar devices. b. The format for storing, page layout and managing objects is compressed in PDF files via means of fixed, two-dimensional PostScript document.The advantages of using PDF files rather than HTML are:- Files can be encrypted and cannot be tampered with; can have a digital signature which can be for legal issues; images and information can be used as evidence in court, whereas HTML has no security controls. PDF have a low risk of being contaminated by a virus. A PDF file can be password encrypted. PDF reader software which is free of charge whereas HTML requires a Browser window. Font is embedded in a PDF file ensuring that layout and appearance remains intact, whereas HTML font and appearance is defined by the creator which can appear differently depending on browser functionality used. PDF is designed to take appearance of documentation into consideration, whereas HTML concentrates on structure. PDF files hold large data compared to that of HTML.(Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006) c. PDF has a font embedded system allowing font programsto travel with the document, which are interpreted at the destination by the data structure, which is built into the application or by means of an external font file. This transfers the information into a character which is a graphical shape known as a glyph. The file compresses information which preserves data and maintains the integrity of the original document including its fonts and graphics. (Chuck Geschke, 2004, p. 24) d. A PDF contains 5 object types in relation to graphics, which are embedded into the file and transported with the document these being:- Path Text Inline Shading These objects define the position, orientation, size of text, graphics and bitmap imagery that appear on the page by means of appropriate shading, structure, syntax, colour fill and line strokes. The cleverly designed graphical parameters allow conversion and compression files to make certain discreet changes to the graphics without changing the surrounding environment.The filedetermines the imagery and displays it in the exact layout and position. This is known as the Cartesian co-ordinate system. (Adobe Incorporated, 2006) A vector (object) image is handled similarly, as paths are made up of lines called Bezier curves. (Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2006)The path object transfers these into paths that can be stroked and filled. The output format is then transferred with the file to cater for the imagery. e. There are a number of limitations that a PDF has on the end user these being:- Graphic recognition is time consuming to process documents containing Vector graphics Documents holding certain layouts like magazines and newspapers cannot be deciphered correctly. The documents are un-editable which could affect documents pertaining to lawyers, that require proofreading and alterations by the client. Due to new versions being released on a regular basis with new functionality, causes incompatibilities with documents created by earlier versions. Converting a PDF file back into a formatted word document asPDF does not recognise paragraphs, formatting, headers, footers, indentations, and line breaks. (PDF Tools, 2005) 6. A computer network is divided physically as well as logically. A collision domain (Ethernet segment) is where two or more devices are attempting to transmit packets of data at the same time and are usually contained within a broadcast domain. Devices that are attached to a hub or a switch are within a collision domain. Collision domains are usually divided by a switch or bridgesand use a collision -sensing protocol called CSMA/CD. The basic strategy for this protocol is it detects imminent collisions by abnormalities in the voltage, which occurs in the computer rejecting the corrupted frame (runt). (CISCO, 2006) A broadcast domain (Ethernet LAN) is a logical part of the network that emits data to another device.(Symatech, 2010) Figure 3 This diagram shows the 2Broadcast domains in Green and the 5collision domains in Red. Table 2 This table shows the ISO-OSI layers and the domains. Layer ISO-OSI Layers Whats processed Domain Devices 7 Application Layer Ports, sockets Interaction 6 Presentation Layer Format, encoding Translation 5 Session Layer Messages, communication Controls Dialogue 4 Transport Layer TCP segment Data transfer 3 Network Layer IP Packet, IP Address Broadcast domains. Layer 3 devices stop the flow of broadcast domains IP address, Router, level 3 switch 2 Data Link Layer Frame, Interface cards, adapters Single separated Collision, one single broadcast domain also created. Layer two network devices can divide collision domains. Switches, Bridges 1 Physical Layer Bit Stream Single Broadcast and Collision HUB, Repeaters 7. Von Neumanns architecture comprises of the four main components,see diagram below. This is used in current computers lay the foundation to what is known as the Little Man Computer'(Englander, 2010)the essential criteria for this architecture is the memory which has a stored program concept (Englander, 2010) which allows the programs to be edited. It stores the address in a sequenced address order which has its own memory slot and traced by unique location number. Memory- consists of RAM to store programs and data Control unit is used to fetch information from memory and decodes it and performs operations to complete the task Arithmetic unit performs mathematical calculations Input/output is the interface with the human operator Figure 4- diagram of Von Neumanns Computer Architecture http://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/parallel_comp An example of entering and adding two numbers is as follows: Take first number and input (the number is now stored in the calculator) store the number (this is stored in memory slot and number is left on calculator) -Input second number (2nd number replace first in calculator) Add first number to second (fetch 1st number from stored address location and add to number in calculator) Display/output result 8. 32 bitswide or 4 Bytes can address 4Gigabytes of memory = 4 (232 = 4,294,967,296). AMD introduced the first 32 bit flash memory device on 5th August 2001 which would allow systems to run 8 x faster than those using standard flash memory. (Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated, 2010). 9. Volatile memory is a term derived from the Latin word volatilis which translated means to fly. This terminology is applied to something that is unpredictable; subject to change; unstable or hostile. The RAM (Random Access Memory) in a computer istemporary (volatile storage), as the information stored is obliterated when the power is either switched off or interrupted, as power is required to retain information stored on the machines memory. Non Volatile memory (NVRAM) is not deleted when the connection between the memory and the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is lost. Devices such as memory disks or hard disk drives store information permanently until it is no longer required by the user. RAM, DRAM, SRAM are all forms of volatile memory and ROM and Flash memory are non-volatile forms of memory. Flash memory is widely used in the Automobile manufacturing industries, for car applications to work efficiently. Some cars contain MCUs chips (Microcontrollers), where program functionality are stored using non-volatile memory on the MCU, allowingcar functionality to work correctly such as Cruise control, air bag safety mechanism, engine controls and temperatures.(International Engineering Consortium, 2006)It could be crucial if this information plus vital safety checks were erased every time avehicle is switched off! 10. Figure 5 Data Flow Diagram showing Mixed number in a base other than 10 converted to a Decimal. (Englander, Number Systems, 2010) Display Answer Display Integer and Decimal parts together Convert Fractional Part to base 10 Convert Integer part to decimal Split into Integer number and Fractional parts Start with Mixed number Mixed Number = whole number + fraction Another way to convert a mixed number into a decimal is as follows:- Answer = 2.88 Round answer to two decimal places 2.875 23/8 To get Decimal Divide numerator by denominator Rewrite improper fraction with numerator on top 8 x 2 x 7 Turn mixed number into improper fraction 2 7/8 Start with Mixed number Mixed Number = whole number + fraction

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SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 07 Novo. 2013. Hospitals are facing numerous amounts pressure to change. Better care has to outweigh more care and until that happens the nation will continue to face care costs issues. Medicare can be added with more choices and protection for beneficiaries. Also reform a tax treatment of health insurance to limit the tax treatment over expensive insurance products.Emanuel, Ezekiel J. â€Å"Health-Care Exchanges Will Need the Young Invincible. † Wall street Journal. 07 May 2013: A. 17. SIRS Issues Researcher. Be. 07 NOVO. 2013. With this health care exchange a lot of Americans will be able to log online and choose their own health care coverage. Also many insurance companies are scared and they are already raising premiums to protect them losses. There will be fewer people purchasing insurance. â€Å"Prescription for Change. † Economist. 29 June. 2013: 61 . SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 07 Novo. 2013. People are not receiving the proper care that they really should be getting. Doctors are charged a fee every time they gain a patient. It is going to expand Medicaid, more people with Insurance will cause more patients seeking the treatments they need. Many employers have greatly recommended their workers to pay out of pocket to the cost of their health care. Razors, Peter R. â€Å"How Health Care Can Save or Sink America. † Foreign Affairs. July/Gag 2011: 42. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 15 Par. 2014. Rising health-care costs are at the core of the United States' long-term fiscal Imbalance. Social Security costs, by comparison, are projected to Increase from five percent of GAP to six percent over the same period. It Is no exaggeration to say that the United States' standing In the world depends on Its success In constraining this health-care cost explosion; unless It does, he country will eventually face a severe fiscal crisis or a crippling Inability to Invest In other areas. Foreign Affairs In this article, Peter R. Razors, former director of the Congressional Budget Office, argues that â€Å"there Is no credible path to reducing the long-term fiscal Imbalance In the United States other than directly addressing high- cost cases In health care. † pop squad By Ill-Bri-Johnson street journal. 07 May 2013: A. 17. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 07 NOVO. 2013. With patient. It is going to expand Medicaid, more people with insurance will cause more the core of the United States' long-term fiscal imbalance.Social Security costs, by comparison, are projected to increase from five percent of GAP to six percent over the same period. It is no exaggeration to say that the United States' standing in the world depends on its success in constraining this health-care cost explosion; unless it does, the country will eventually face a severe fiscal crisis or a crippling inability to invest in Congressional Budget Office, argues that â€Å"there is no credible path to reducing the long-term fiscal imbala nce in the United States other than directly addressing high- cost cases in health care. â€Å"

The Covenant Between God And The Isrealites

Covenant is a word that seems complicated to analyze and discuss by so many people and this is the reason why many people fail to keep covenant among them, even back in the old testament of the bible written 2000BC, the Israelites often fail in the covenant between them and God and only God who is perfect never fails.â€Å"The distance between God and the creature is so great,† says the Westminster Confession (VII. I), â€Å"that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto him as their Creator, yet they could never have any fruition of him as their blessedness and reward, but by some voluntary condescension on God's part, which he hath been pleased to express by way of covenant. † Exactly!So biblical doctrine, first to last, has to do with covenantal relationships between God and man; biblical ethics has to do with expressing God's covenantal relationship to us in covenantal relationships between ourselves and others; and Christian religion has the nature of cov enant life, in which God is the direct object of our faith, hope, love, worship, and service, all animated by gratitude for grace.Our theme is the life-embracing bedrock reality of the covenant relationship between the Creator and Christians, and it is high time we defined exactly what we are talking about. A covenant relationship is a voluntary mutual commitment that binds each party to the other. Whether it is negotiated, like a modern business deal or a marriage contract, or unilaterally imposed, as all God's covenants are, is irrelevant to the commitment itself; the reality of the relationship depends simply on the fact that mutual obligations have been accepted and pledged on both sides.Luther is held to have said that Christianity is a matter of personal pronouns, in the sense that everything depends on knowing that Jesus died for me, to be my Savior, and that his Father is my God and Father, personally committed to love, nurture, uphold, and glorify me. This already is covena nt thinking, for this is the essential substance of the covenant relationship: God's covenant is precisely a matter of these personal pronouns, used in this way, as a basis for a life with God of friendship, peace and communicated love.Going back to the Old Testament of the Bible, when God tells Abraham, â€Å"I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you . . . to be your God . . . I will be their God† (Gen. 17:6-8), the personal pronouns are the key words: God is committing himself to Abraham and Abraham's seed in a way in which he does not commit himself to others. God's covenant commitment expresses eternal election; his covenant love to individuals sinners flows from his choice of them to be his for ever in the peace of justification and the joy of glorification.The verbal commitment in which electing sovereignty thus shows itself has the nature of a promise, the fulfillment of which is guaranteed by God's absolu te fidelity and trustworthiness — the quality that David Livingstone the explorer celebrated by describing God as â€Å"an honorable gentleman who never breaks his word. † The covenant promise itself, â€Å"I will be your God,† is an unconditional undertaking on God's part to be â€Å"for us† (Rom. 8:31), â€Å"on our side† (Ps. 124:1-5), using all his resources for the furthering of the ultimate good of those (â€Å"us†) to whom he thus pledges himself.â€Å"I will take you as my own people, and I will be your God† (Ex. 6:7), the covenant promise constantly repeated throughout both testaments (Gen. 17:6-8; Ex. 20:2, 29:45 Ezek. 11:20, 34:30 f. , 36:28; 2 Cor. 6:16-18; Rev. 21:2 f. ; etc. ), may fairly be called the pantechnicon promise, inasmuch as every particular promise that God makes is packed into it — fellowship and communion first (â€Å"I will be with you,† â€Å"I will dwell among them,† â€Å"I will li ve among you,† etc.), and then the supply of every real need, here and hereafter. Sovereignty and salvation, love and largesse, election and enjoyment, affirmation and assurance, fidelity and fullness thus appear as the spectrum of themes (the second of each pair being the fruit of the first as its root) that combine to form the white light, glowing and glorious, of the gracious self-giving of God to sinners that covenant theology proclaims.The God-given covenant carries, of course, obligations. The life of faith and repentance, and the obedience to which faith leads, constitute the covenant-keeping through which God's people receive the fullness of God's covenant blessing. â€Å"I carried you on eagles' wings and brought you to myself. Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession† (Ex. 19:4 f. ).Covenant faithfulness is the condition and means of receiving covenant benefits, and there is nothing arbitrary in that; for the blessings flow from the relationship, and human rebelliousness and unfaithfulness stop the flow by disrupting the relationship. Israel's infidelity was constantly doing this throughout the Old Testament story, and the New Testament makes it plain that churches and Christians will lose blessings that would otherwise be theirs, should covenant fidelity be lacking in their lives.The very first covenant that could be read in the bible is that of our first father and mother who destroyed the covenant just because of a fruit given to them by a camouflaged Satan. This original covenantal arrangement, usually called the Covenant of Works, was one whereby God undertook to prolong and augment for all subsequent humanity the happy state in which he had made the first human pair — provided that the man observed, as part of the humble obedience that was then natural to him, one prohibition, specified in the narrative as not eating a forbidden fruit.The devil, presented as a serpent, seduced Adam and Eve into disobeying, so that they fell under the penal sanctions of the Covenant of Works (loss of good, and corruption of nature). But God at once revealed to them in embryo a redemptive economy that had in it both the covering of sin, and a prospective victory for the woman's seed (a human Savior) over the serpent and his malice.The redemptive purpose of this new arrangement became clearer as God called Abraham, made a nation from his descendants, saved them from slavery, named himself not only their God but also their King and Father, taught them his law (the family code), drilled them in sacrificial liturgies, disciplined their disobedience, and sent messengers to hold up before them his holiness and his promise of a Savior King and a saving kingdom; which in due course became reality.The Westminster Confession summarizes what was going on in and through all this. â€Å"Man, by his fall, having made himself incapable of life by (the first) covenant, t he Lord was pleased to make a second, commonly called the covenant of grace: wherein he freely offered unto sinners life and salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in him, that they may be saved, and promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto eternal life his Holy Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe. . .â€Å"This covenant was differently administered in the time of the law, and in the time of the gospel; under the law it was administered by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the paschal lamb, and other types and ordinances delivered to the people of the Jews, all fore signifying Christ to come, which were, for that time, sufficient and efficacious, through the operation of the Spirit, to instruct and build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah, by whom they had full remission of sins, and eternal salvation; and is called the old Testament.â€Å"Under the gospel, when Christ, the substance, was exhibited, the ordinances in which this covenant is dispensed are the preaching of the Word, and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper . . . in them, it is held forth in more fullness, evidence and spiritual efficacy, to all nations, both Jews and Gentiles; and is called the new Testament. There are not therefore two covenants of grace, differing in substance, but one and the same, under various dispensations† (VII. iii. v. vi).So the unifying strands that bind together the books of the Bible are, first, the one covenant promise, sloganized as â€Å"I will be your God, and you shall be my people,† which God was fulfilling to his elect all through his successive orderings of covenant faith and life; second, the one messenger and mediator of the covenant, Jesus Christ the God-man, prophet and king, priest and sacrifice, the Messiah of Old Testament prophecy and New Testament proclamation; third, the one people of God, the covenant community, the company of the elect, whom God brings to faith and keeps in faith, from Abel, Noah and Abraham through the remnant of Israel to the worldwide New Testament church of believing Jews and Gentiles; and fourth, the one pattern of covenant piety, consisting of faith, repentance, love, joy, praise, hope, hatred of sin, desire for sanctity, a spirit of prayer, and readiness to battle the world, the flesh, and the devil in order to glorify God . . . a pattern displayed most fully, perhaps, in Luther's â€Å"little Bible,† the Psalter, but seen also in the lives of God's servants in both Testaments and reflected more or less fully in each single one of the Old and New Testament books.Covenant theologians insist that every book of the Bible in effect asks to be read in terms of these unities, and as contributing to the exposition of them, and is actually misunderstood if it is not so read. Some of the major covenant between God and man in the old testament would be discussed to show the importance and effec t of a covenant as an agreement. THE COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND THE ISREALITES According to the Bible the history of Israel began when Abraham was called by God to leave his family and his home and settle in Canaan. His son Isaac, and his grandson, Jacob, lived there until Jacob was forced by famine to flee to Egypt with his remaining sons, where one of them, Joseph, already held a position of prominence after a grass to grace encounter. The descendants of Jacob were enslaved in Egypt.God charged Moses with the deliverance of his people from bondage. This he did with the aid of God, who dried up the ‘Red Sea' so that the Israelites could cross in safety, while the pursuing Egyptian army drowned. Moses and his people continued to Mount Sinai, where a covenant was concluded establishing God as the Lord of his chosen people, Israel. The conditions of the covenant were laid down in a law including the Ten Commandments. However, because of the people's disobedience their march toward the Promised Land turned into forty years of wanderings in the wilderness. Finally, after the death of Moses, the people of Israel entered Canaan from the east, crossing the River Jordan.Under the leadership of Joshua they sacked Jericho; after the city walls came tumbling down rather miraculously, and then went on to conquer the rest of Canaan. THE COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND THE ABRAHAM † Now Sarai, Abram's wife, bore him no children. She had an Egyptian slave-girl whose name was Hagar, and Sarai said to Abram, â€Å"You see that the LORD has prevented me from bearing children; go in to my slave-girl; it may be that I shall obtain children by her. â€Å"And Abram listened to the voice of Sarai. So, after Abram had lived ten years in the land of Canaan, Sarai, Abram's wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her slave-girl, and gave her to her husband Abram as a wife. Hagar bore Abram a son; and Abram named his son, whom Hagar bore, Ishmael.Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bor e him Ishmael. When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said to him, â€Å"I am God Almighty;† walk before me, and be blameless. And I will make my covenant between me and you, and will make you exceedingly numerous. † Then Abram fell on his face; and God said to him, â€Å"As for me, this is my covenant with you: You shall be the ancestor of a multitude of nations. No longer shall your name be Abram, but your name shall be Abraham; for I have made you the ancestor of a multitude of nations. I will make you exceedingly fruitful; and I will make nations of you, and kings shall come from you.I will establish my covenant between me and you, and your offspring after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you. And I will give to you, and to your offspring after you, the land where you are now an alien, all the land of Canaan, for a perpetual holding; and I will be their God. â €  God said to Abraham, â€Å"As for you, you shall keep my covenant, you and your offspring after you throughout their generations. This is my covenant, which you shall keep, between me and you and your offspring after you: Every male among you shall be circumcised. You shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you.Throughout your generations every male among you shall be circumcised when he is eight days old, including the slave born in your house and the one bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring. Both the slave born in your house and the one bought with your money must be circumcised. So shall my covenant be in your flesh an everlasting covenant. Any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant. † God said to Abraham, â€Å"As for Sarah your wife, you shall not call her Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name. I will bless her, and moreover I will give you a son by her. I will bless her, and she shall give rise to nations; kings of peoples shall come from her.† Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed, and said to himself, â€Å"Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a child? † And Abraham said to God, â€Å"O that Ishmael might live in your sight! † God said, â€Å"No, but your wife Sarah shall bear you a son, and you shall name him Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him. As for Ishmael, I have heard you; I will bless him and make him fruitful and exceedingly numerous; he shall be the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation. But my covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you at this season next year. † And when he had finished talking with him, God went up from Abraham.Then Abraham took h is son Ishmael and all the slaves born in his house or bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham's house, and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskins that very day, as God had said to him. Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. And his son Ishmael was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. That very day Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised; and all the men of his house, slaves born in the house and those bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him. . The LORD dealt with Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did for Sarah as he had promised.Sarah conceived and bore Abraham a son in his old age, at the time of which God had spoken to him. Abraham gave the name Isaac to his son whom Sarah bore him. And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him. Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him. Now S arah said, â€Å"God has brought laughter for me; everyone who hears will laugh with me. † And she said, â€Å"Who would ever have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have borne him a son in his old age. † The child grew, and was weaned; and Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. But Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, playing with her son Isaac.So she said to Abraham, â€Å"Cast out this slave woman with her son; for the son of this slave woman shall not inherit along with my son Isaac. † The matter was very distressing to Abraham on account of his son. But God said to Abraham, â€Å"Do not be distressed because of the boy and because of your slave woman; whatever Sarah says to you, do as she tells you, for it is through Isaac that offspring shall be named for you. As for the son of the slave woman, I will make a nation of him also, because he is your offspring. † So Abraham ros e early in the morning, and took bread and a skin of water, and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, along with the child, and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered about in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.When the water in the skin was gone, she cast the child under one of the bushes. Then she went and sat down opposite him a good way off, about the distance of a bowshot; for she said, â€Å"Do not let me look on the death of the child. † And as she sat opposite him, she lifted up her voice and wept. And God heard the voice of the boy; and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven, and said to her, â€Å"What troubles you, Hagar? Do not be afraid; for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is. Come, lift up the boy and hold him fast with your hand for I will make a great nation of him. † Then God opened her eyes and she saw a well of water. She went, and filled the skin with water, and gave the boy a drink.God was with the boy, and he grew up; he lived in the wilderness, and became an expert with the bow. He lived in the wilderness of Paran; and his mother got a wife for him from the land of Egypt. † THE COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND THE NOAH Centuries before the time of Abraham, God made a covenant with Noah, assuring Noah that He would never again destroy the world by flood (Gen. 9). Noah lived at a time when the whole earth was filled with violence and corruption — yet Noah did not allow the evil standards of his day to rob him of fellowship with God. He stood out as the only one who â€Å"walked with God† (Gen. 6:9), as was also true of his great-grandfather Enoch (Gen. 5:22). â€Å"Noah was a just man, perfect in his generations† (Gen. 6:9).The Lord singled out Noah from among all his contemporaries and chose him as the man to accomplish a great work. When God saw the wickedness that prevailed in the world (Gen. 6:5), He told Noah of His intention to destroy the ancient world by a universal flood. God instructed Noah to build an ark (a large barge) in which he and his family would survive the universal deluge. Noah believed God and â€Å"according to all that God commanded him, so he did† (Gen. 6:22). Noah is listed among the heroes of faith. â€Å"By faith Noah, being divinely warned of things not yet seen, moved with godly fear, prepared an ark for the saving of his household, by which he condemned the world and became heir of the righteousness which is according to faith† (Heb. 11:7).With steadfast confidence in God, Noah started building the ark. During this time, Noah continued to preach God's judgment and mercy, warning the ungodly of their approaching doom. Peter reminds us of how God â€Å"did not spare the ancient world, but saved Noah, one of eight people, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood on the world of the ungodly† (2 Pet. 2:5). Noah preached for 120 years, apparently without any converts. At the end of that time, â€Å"whe n †¦ the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah †¦ eight souls were saved through water† (1 Pet. 3:20). People continued in their evil ways and ignored his pleadings and warnings until the flood overtook them.When the ark was ready, Noah entered in with all kinds of animals â€Å"and the Lord shut him in† (Gen. 7:16), cut off completely from the rest of mankind. Noah was grateful to the Lord who had delivered him from the flood. After the flood, he built an altar to God (Gen. 8:20) and made a sacrifice, which was accepted graciously, for in it â€Å"the Lord smelled a soothing aroma† (Gen. 8:21). The Lord promised Noah and his descendants that He would never destroy the world again with a universal flood (Gen. 9:15). The Lord made an everlasting covenant with Noah and his descendants, establishing the rainbow as the sign of His promise (Gen. 9:1-17). Another part of the covenant involved the sanctity of human life, i. e., that â€Å"whoever sh eds man's blood, by man his blood shall be shed; for in the image of God He made man† (Gen. 9:6). Every time we see a rainbow today we are reminded of that agreement — this covenant has not been done away with. As long as God still sends rainbows after a storm, capital punishment will still be a part of God's law for the human race. THE MOSAIC COVENANT The Israelites moved to Egypt during the time of Joseph. A new Pharaoh came upon the scene and turned the Israelites into common slaves. The people cried out to the God of their forefathers. â€Å"So God heard their groaning, and God remembered His covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob† (Exo. 2:24).After a series of ten plagues upon the land of Egypt, God brought the Israelites out â€Å"of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand† (Exo. 32:11). Three months after leaving the land of Egypt, the children of Israel camped at the base of Mount Sinai (Exo. 19:1). God promised to make a covenant with the Israelites (Exo. 19:3-6). Before they even knew the conditions of the contract, the people agreed to abide by whatever God said (Exo. 19:8). This covenant was between God and the people of Israel — you and I are not a party in this contract (and never have been). The Ten Commandments are the foundation of the covenant, but they are not the entirety of it.After giving the first ten commands, the people asked the Lord to speak no more (Exo. 20:18-20). Moses then drew near to the presence of God to hear the rest of the covenant (Exo. 20:21). After receiving the Law, Moses spoke the words of the covenant to all of the people, and the people agreed to obey (Exo. 24:4). Moses then wrote the conditions of the covenant down, offered sacrifices to God, and then sprinkled both the book and the people with blood to seal the covenant (Exo. 24:8). This covenant between God and the people of Israel was temporary — God promised a day when He would make a new covenant, not on ly with Israel but also with all mankind.â€Å"Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah — not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put my law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people† (Jer. 31:31-34). The old testament of the Bible, from Genesis to Malachi, are, as was said earlier, God's own record of the progressive unfolding of his purpose to have a people in covenant with himself here on earth. The covenantal character of God's relationships with human beings, first to last, has already been underlined, and is in fact reflected one way and anot her on just about every page of the Bible.The transition in Eden from the covenant of works to the covenant of grace, and the further transition from all that was involved in the preliminary (old) form of that covenant to its final (new) form, brought in through the death of Jesus Christ and now administered by him from his throne, are the key events in the covenant story. The significance of the fact that God caused his book of instruction to mankind to be put together with the history of his covenant as its backbone can hardly be overestimated. Covenant relationships between God and men, established by God's initiative, bringing temporal and eternal blessings to individuals and creating community among them, so that they have a corporate identity as God's people, are in fact the pervasive themes of the whole Bible; and it compels thoughtful readers to take note of the covenant as being central to God's concern.Finally, with all these examples and explanations on the covenant in th e old testament of the bible, it would be seen that covenant is not just a thing to be handled slightly, if you know you have no capacity to involve in a covenant is better you refrain so that you will not spend years in the wilderness for disobedience. SOURCES Old Testament of the King James Version of the Holy bible. The Five Great Bible Covenant by David Padfield God of Promise: Introducing Covenant Theology by Michael Horton Truman G. Madsen and Seth Ward (2001). Covenant and Chosenness in Judaism and Mormonism. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. People of the Covenant : an Introduction To the Hebrew Bible (4TH 96 Edition) by Henry J. Flanders and Robert W. Crapps and David A. Smith

Black History Index of Inventors and Patent Holders

Black history inventors are listed alphabetically: use the A to Z index bar to navigate and select or just browse the many listings. Each listing has the name of the black inventor followed by the patent number(s) which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued, and a description of the invention as written by the inventor. If available, links are provided to in-depth articles, biographies, illustrations, and photos on each individual inventor or patent. Walter H Sammons #1,362,823, 12/21/1920, Comb Adolphus Samms #3,000,179, 9/19/1961, Rocket engine pump feed system#3,199,455, 8/10/1965, Multiple stage rocket#3,257,089, 6/21/1966, Emergency release for extraction chute#3,310,938, 3/28/1967, Rocket motor fuel feed George T Sampson #312,388, 2/17/1885, Sled propeller#476,416, 6/7/1892, Clothes drier Henry Thomas Sampson #3,140,210, 7/7/1964, Binder system for propellants and explosives#3,212,256, 10/19/1965, Case bonding system for cast composite propellants#3,591,860, 7/6/1971, Gamma-Electrical Cell, (co-inventor George H Miley, this patent is not for cell phone technology) Dewey S C Sanderson #3,522,011, 7/28/1970, Urinalysis machine Ralph W Sanderson #3,362,742, 1/9/1968, Hydraulic shock absorber Richard L Saxton #4,392,028, 7/5/1983, Pay telephone with sanitized tissue dispenser Virginia Scharschmidt #1,708,594, 4/9/1929, Safety window cleaning device Henry Scott #4,881,528, 11/21/1989, Spinal traction and support unit used while seated Howard L Scott #3,568,685, 3/9/1971, Treating human, animal and synthetic hair with a waterproofing composition J C Scott #D 212,334, 10/1/1968, Shadowbox Linzy Scott #4,275,716, 6/30/1981, Knee brace Robert P Scott #524,223, 8/7/1894, Corn silker Samuel R Scottron #224,732, 2/17/1880, Adjustable window cornice#270,851, 1/16/1883, Cornice#349,525, 9/21/1886, Pole tip#481,720, 8/30/1892, Curtain rod#505,008, 9/12/1893, Supporting bracket    Earl D Shaw #4,529,942, 7/16/1985, Free-electron amplifier device with electromagnetic radiation delay element Glenn Shaw #5,046,776, 9/10/1991, Fascia protector for fuel tank filler Jerry Shelby #5,328,132, 7/12/1994, Engine protection system for recoverable rocket booster Dennis W Shorter #363,089, 5/17/1887, Feed rack Wanda A Sigur #5,084,219, 1/28/1992, Method of fabricating composite structures Esteban Silvera #3,718,157, 5/27/1973, Ram-valve level indicator Joycelyn Simpson Stephen Chambers Skanks #587,165, 7/27/1897, Sleeping car berth register Isadore Small #3,814,948, 6/4/1974, Universal on-delay timer Brinay Smartt #799,498, 9/12/1905, Reversing-valve#935,169, 9/28/1909, Valve gear#1,052,290, 2/4/1913, Wheel Bernard Smith #4,544,535, 10/1/1985, Method or preparing non-laminating anisotropic boron nitride John Winsor Smith #647,887, 4/17/1900, Game Jonathan S Smith #3,432,314, 3/11/1969, Transparent zirconia composition and process for making same Joseph H Smith #581,785, 5/4/1897, Lawn sprinkler#601,065, 3/22/1898, Lawn sprinkler Mildred E Smith #4,230,321, 10/28/1980, Family relationships card game Morris L Smith #3,389,108, 6/18/1968, Printing fluid comprising an aqueous solution of a water-soluble dye and a thermosetting vinyl-sulfonium polymer#4,882,221, 11/21/1989, Chemically treated paper products - towel and tissue#4,883,475, 11/28/1989, Chemically treated paper products - towel and tissue Peter D Smith #445,206, 1/27/1891, Potato digger#469,279, 2/23/1892, Grain binder Robert T Smith #1,970,984, 8/21/1934, Spraying machine Samuel C Smith #3,956,925, 5/18/1976, Hardness tester Lanny S Smoot #4,565,974, 1/21/1986, Optical receiver circuit with active equalizer#4,890,314, 12/26/1989, Teleconferencing facility with high resolution video display#4,928,301, 5/22/1990, Teleconferencing terminal with camera behind display screen William Snow #437,728, 10/7/1890, Liniment Harde Spears #110,599, 12/27/1870, Improvement in portable shields for infantry and artillery Richard Bowie Spikes #972,277, 10/11/1910, Self-locking rack for billiard cues#1,590,557, 6/29/1926, Combination milk bottle opener and cover#1,828,753, 10/27/1932, Method and apparatus for obtaining average samples and temperature of tank liquids#1,889,814, 12/6/1932, Automatic gear shift#1,936,996, 11/28/1933, Transmission and shifting means therefor#3,015,522, 1/2/1962, Automatic safety brake system Osbourne C Stafford #3,522,558, 8/4/1970, Microwave phase shift device Elbert Stallworth #1,687,521, 10/16/1928, Electric heater#1,727,842, 9/10/1929, Electric chamber#1,972,634, 9/4/1934, Alarm clock electric switch Arnold F Stancell #3,657,113, 4/18/1972, Separating fluids with selective membranes George B. D. Stephens #2,762,377, 9/11/1956, Cigarette holder and ash tray John Standard #413,689, 10/29/1889, Oil stove#455,891, 7/14/1891, Refrigerator Albert Clifton Stewart #3,255,044, 6/7/1966, Redox couple radiation cell#3,255,045, 6/7/1966, Electric cell Earl M Stewart #2,031,510, 2/18/1936, Arch and heel support (co-inventor Seymour Shagrin) Enos W Stewart #362,190, 11/27/1887, Punching machine#373,698, 5/3/1887, Machine for forming vehicle seat bars Marvin Charles Stewart #3,395,271, 7/30/1968, Arithmetic unit for digital computers#3,605,063, 9/14/1971, System for interconnecting electrical components Thomas Stewart #375,512, 12/27/1887, Metal bending machine#499,402, 6/13/1893, Mop#499,895, 6/20/1893, Station indicator Henry F Stilwell #1,911,248, 5/30/1933, Means for receiving mail and other matter on aeroplanes while in motion Rufus Stokes #3,378,241, 4/16/1968, Exhaust purifier#3,520,113, 7/14/1970, Air pollution control device Edward H Sutton #149,543, 4/7/1874, Improvement in cotton cultivators James A Sweeting #594,501, 11/30/1897, Device for rolling cigarettes#605,209, 6/7/1898, Combined knife and scoop